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關係代名詞的個別用法
作者:陳雲飛&許文達&夏進1.who, whose, whom
(1)who, whom
只用於人;whose用於人和非人。
(2)關係代名詞所引導子句中的插入語。
This is the girl who I believe was the nurse of the hospital.
(3)擬人化。
He has a dog who always gives me a welcome.
(非擬人化時用which或that)
2.which, of which(whose)
(1)用於除了人以外的動物或無生物,即「非人」。
This is the book which caused the trouble.(主格)
(2)of which是所有格
有時也可用whose代替。
(3)which
在補述用法中還可用來代表一個片語或子句。
The decision was postponed, which was exactly what he wanted.
(4)“介系詞+which=關係副詞”
This is the place at which (=where) I was born.
That is one reason for which (=why) he likes to come.
3.that
(1)只用於限定用法,代替「人」和「非人」。
The boy that [who] is playing the piano is my brother.
(2)that前面不可有介系詞。
You are the very boy that I have been looking for.(正)
You are the very boy for that I have been looking.(誤)
(3)先行詞有最高級形容詞時。
Mike was one of the greatest men that ever lived.
(4)先行詞前有
the only, the same, the very , the first, the last或all, on, little, much, none, any , every, …時,較常用that。
He was the only man that I knew in my neighborhood.
His writing contains little that is new, but much that is old.
(5)前有疑問代名詞
為避免who…who, which…which的重複,故用that。
Who that has read his great novels can forget his name ?
(6)先行詞含有
「人」和「非人」時。
Can you see a man and his dog that are crossing the bridge ?
(7)為強調句中的
某一部分而用It is…that的形式。
It was Janet that broke the window.
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