關係代名詞的個別用法

1.who, whose, whom

(1)who, whom

只用於人；whose用於人和非人。

(2)關係代名詞所引導子句中的插入語。

This is the girl who I believe was the nurse of the hospital.

(3)擬人化。

He has a dog who always gives me a welcome.

（非擬人化時用which或that）

2.which, of which（whose）

(1)用於除了人以外的動物或無生物，即「非人」。

This is the book which caused the trouble.（主格）

(2)of which是所有格

有時也可用whose代替。

(3)which

在補述用法中還可用來代表一個片語或子句。

The decision was postponed, which was exactly what he wanted.

(4)“介系詞＋which＝關係副詞”

This is the place at which (=where) I was born.

That is one reason for which (=why) he likes to come.

3.that

(1)只用於限定用法，代替「人」和「非人」。

The boy that [who] is playing the piano is my brother.

(2)that前面不可有介系詞。

You are the very boy that I have been looking for.（正）

You are the very boy for that I have been looking.（誤）

(3)先行詞有最高級形容詞時。

Mike was one of the greatest men that ever lived.

(4)先行詞前有

the only, the same, the very , the first, the last或all, on, little, much, none, any , every, …時，較常用that。

He was the only man that I knew in my neighborhood.

His writing contains little that is new, but much that is old.

(5)前有疑問代名詞

為避免who…who, which…which的重複，故用that。

Who that has read his great novels can forget his name ?

(6)先行詞含有

「人」和「非人」時。

Can you see a man and his dog that are crossing the bridge ?

(7)為強調句中的

某一部分而用It is…that的形式。

It was Janet that broke the window.