被動語態的注意事項

作者:陳雲飛&許文達&夏進

被動語態的注意事項

(一)情緒動詞

「情緒動詞」是指可以表達各種「心理感受」(如:「高興」、「滿意」、「驚訝」等)的動詞。主詞是「人」的話,通常用「被動式」表達,其句型是:

「人+be+情緒動詞的過去分詞」表示「人感到…」。

 

表高興、滿意

表驚訝

其  他

用法

amused

amazed

Bored             (厭煩)

delighted

astonished

Tried               (疲倦)

excited

surprised

Exhausted       (筋疲力竭)

pleased

frightened

Disappointed  (失望)

satisfied

shocked

Disgusted        (厭惡)

I was surprised to hear the news.(我聽到這消息甚為驚訝。)

(二)下列的片語雖有「被動形式」

但沒有被動的意思

be used to+N (習慣於)    be accustomed to+N     (習慣於)

be devoted to+N   (獻身於)    be dedicated to+N        (致力於)

be acquainted with (熟悉)        be engaged in (從事於)

be opposed to+N   (反對)        be concerned about        (關心)

be exposed to+V   (暴露於)    be supposed to+V  (應該要)

be made up of (由…組成)        be well-known for   (以…著名)

be dressed       (穿著)        be located       (位於)

(三)省略by

主動語態的主詞為People, They, You, We, Somebody等含糊地表示一般的「人」,變為被動語態時,常將“by+某人”省略。

Somebody stole my purse

→My purse was stolen (by somebody).(有人偷了我的錢包。)

(四)客觀的說法

表客觀的說明常用“It is+p.p.”的句型。下面以常見的“It is said(據說)”為例:

Peole/They say (that) S+V…

→It is said that S+V…

→S+is/am/are+said to+

They say that Tom is sick in bed.

→It is said that Tom is sick in bed.

→Tom is said to be sick in bed.

(據說湯姆臥病在床。)

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