關係代名詞

關係代名詞的兩種用法

1.限定用法：

是用形容詞子句把其先行詞限定於某一個特殊型態。關係代名詞兼具連接詞和代名詞的作用。

I like the girl who is honest and diligent.

2.補述用法：

用以補充說明先行詞。

Then he met Tom, who (=and he) invited him to a party.

⊙who, which可用在限定用法或補述用法中，that只用於限定用法。

關係代名詞的用法要點

關係代名詞須和先行詞的「人稱」與「人數」一致，但和先行詞的格無關。

I know the man who is standing there.

I was spoken to by a foreigner whom I didn’t know.

關係代名詞的個別用法

1.who, whose, whom

(1)who, whom只用於人；whose用於人和非人。

(2)關係代名詞所引導子句中的插入語。

This is the girl who I believe was the nurse of the hospital.

(3)擬人化。

He has a dog who always gives me a welcome.

（非擬人化時用which或that）

2.which, of which（whose）

(1)用於除了人以外的動物或無生物，即「非人」。

This is the book which caused the trouble.（主格）

(2)of which是所有格，有時也可用whose代替。

(3)which在補述用法中還可用來代表一個片語或子句。

The decision was postponed, which was exactly what he wanted.

(4)“介系詞＋which＝關係副詞”

This is the place at which (=where) I was born.

That is one reason for which (=why) he likes to come.

3.that

(1)只用於限定用法，代替「人」和「非人」。

The boy that [who] is playing the piano is my brother.

(2)that前面不可有介系詞。

You are the very boy that I have been looking for.（正）

You are the very boy for that I have been looking.（誤）

(3)先行詞有最高級形容詞時。

Mike was one of the greatest men that ever lived.

(4)先行詞前有the only, the same, the very , the first, the last或all, on, little, much, none, any , every, …時，較常用that。

He was the only man that I knew in my neighborhood.

His writing contains little that is new, but much that is old.