重要助動詞:may∕might

作者:陳雲飛&許文達&夏進

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重要助動詞:may∕might

(1)  may:

用法及例句

許可       

You may go out at once.(你可以馬上去。)

May I smoke here?(我可以在這裏抽煙嗎?)

推測       

It may be true.(這可能是真的。)

He may have said so.(他可能這樣說過。)

目的       

He works hard so that he may get good salary.

(他努力工作,以便得到好的薪水。)

祈願       

May you succeed!(祝你成功!)

Long may he live!(但願他壽比南山。)

【註】

(a)表“許可”時,作「可以」解,如:

May I smoke here?

表“推測”時,作「可能」解。

may+原形V          →對現在的推測

may+have+p.p.   →對過去的推測

(c)表“目的”時,作「以便;以求」解,其句型是:

so that∕in order that 主詞 may+原形V

(d)表“祈願”時,作「但願…;祝」解,其句型是:

May 主詞 原形動詞!

(2)  might:

用法及例句

may的過去式

She said (that) it might rain.(她說,或許會下雨。)

表示目的       

May worked hard so that she might pass the examination.

(May用功以求考試及格。)

假設法   

If you were lazy, you might fail.

(你如果懶惰,說不定你會失敗。)

客氣請求       

Might I ask your telephone number?

(可以請問你的電話號碼嗎?)

must

用法及例句

義務、強迫   

You must obey your parents.(你必須聽從父母的話。)

We must learn how to speak Chinese.

(我們一定要學講中文。)

強烈的禁止   

You must not park here.

(你不可以在這裏停車。)

肯定的推測   

You must be tired.

(你一定很累了。)

It must be raining, for I see people carrying umbrellas.

(一定在下雨,因為我看見有人帶雨傘。)

It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now.

(昨晚一定下過雨,因為現在地面是潮濕的。)

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