助動詞 may∕might

作者:陳雲飛&許文達&夏進

助動詞 may∕might

may:

許可       

You may go out at once.(你可以馬上去。)

May I smoke here?(我可以在這裏抽煙嗎?)

推測       

It may be true.(這可能是真的。)

He may have said so.(他可能這樣說過。)

目的       

He works hard so that he may get good salary.

(他努力工作,以便得到好的薪水。)

祈願       

May you succeed!(祝你成功!)

 

might:

may的過去式

She said (that) it might rain.(她說,或許會下雨。)

表示目的       

May worked hard so that she might pass the examination.(梅用功以求考試及格。)

假設法   

If you were lazy, you might fail.

(你如果懶惰,說不定你會失敗。)

客氣請求       

Might I ask your telephone number.(你的電話號碼。)

 

must

義務、強迫   

You must obey your parents.(你必須聽從父母的話。)

強烈的禁止   

You must not park here.(你不可以在這裏停車。)

肯定的推測   

You must be tired.(你一定很累了。)

It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now.

(昨晚一定下過雨,因為現在地面是潮濕的。)

1.表「義務」時,作「必須」,「應該」解。可以等於have to=have got to或It is necessary for人 to V,如:

It is necessary for you to obey your parents.(你必須聽從父母的話。)

2.must的過去式用had to

I had to study yesterday.(昨天我不得不唸書。)

3.must not表「禁止」

4.表「推測」時,作「一定」解。

must+原形V 對現在的推測

must+have+p.p.  對過去的推測

5.對含有must的問句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用need not。

Must I go now?     (我現在必須去嗎?)

Yes, you must (go).  (是的,你必須去。)

No, you need not (go).    (不,你不必。)

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